Search results for " infettive"

showing 10 items of 203 documents

KIR2DL3 and the KIR ligand groups HLA-A-Bw4 and HLA-C2 predict the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection.

2017

Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) regulate the activation of Natural Killer cells through their interaction with human leukocyte antigens (HLA). KIR and HLA loci are highly polymorphic and certain HLA-KIR combinations have been found to protect against viral infections. In this study we analyzed whether the KIR/HLA repertoire may influence the course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Fifty-seven subjects with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 44 subjects with resolved HBV infection, and 60 healthy uninfected controls (HC) were genotyped for KIR and their HLA ligands. The frequency of the HLA-A-Bw4 ligand group was higher in CHB (58%) than subjects with resolved infection (23%) (crude…

0301 basic medicineAdultMaleSettore MED/09 - Medicina InternaGenotypeSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveKIR LigandHuman leukocyte antigenHLA-C AntigensBiologymedicine.disease_cause03 medical and health sciencesYoung Adult0302 clinical medicineHepatitis B ChronicVirologymedicineHumansGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseAlleleReceptorGeneAgedSettore MED/04 - Patologia GeneraleHepatitis B virusHepatologyHLA-A AntigensMiddle AgedVirologyHLA-AKIRs HLAA HBV030104 developmental biologyInfectious DiseasesTreatment OutcomeHLA-B AntigensReceptors KIR2DL3ImmunologyFemalePredictive variables030215 immunology
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Evolution of major non-HIV-related comorbidities in HIV-infected patients in the Italian Cohort of Individuals, Naïve for Antiretrovirals (ICONA) Fou…

2018

Objectives: The management of HIV disease is complicated by the incidence of a new spectrum of comorbid noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). It is important to document changes in the prevalence of NCDs over time. The aim of the study was to describe the impact of ageing on HIV markers and on the prevalence of NCDs in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in the Italian Cohort of Individuals, Naïve for Antiretrovirals (ICONA) seen for care in 2004–2014. Methods: Analyses were conducted separately for a closed cohort (same people seen at both times) and an open cohort (all people under follow-up). We used the χ2 test for categorical factors and the Wilcoxon test for quantitative factors to compare pro…

0301 basic medicineAdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtynoncommunicable diseases (NCDs); persons living with HIV (PLWHIV); time trend; Health Policy; Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology (medical)persons living with HIV (PLWHIV)PopulationRenal functionInfectious DiseaseHIV InfectionsDiseaseComorbiditySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVENO03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineInterquartile rangeInternal medicinePrevalenceMedicineHiv infected patientsHumansPharmacology (medical)030212 general & internal medicineeducationDyslipidemiaseducation.field_of_studynoncommunicable diseases (NCDs); persons living with HIV (PLWHIV); time trendFramingham Risk Scorebusiness.industryIncidence (epidemiology)Health Policynoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) persons living with HIV (PLWHIV) time trendMiddle Aged030112 virologytime trendInfectious DiseasesItalyCardiovascular DiseasesCohortHypertensionFemalebusinessnoncommunicable diseases (NCDs)HIV medicine
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Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 131 H30-R and H30-Rx subclones in retail chicken meat, Italy

2016

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131), typically fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, has emerged globally. Among clinical isolates, ST131, primarily its H30-R and H30-Rx subclones, accounts for most antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and is the dominant E. coli strain worldwide. We assessed its prevalence and characteristics among raw chicken meat samples on sale in Palermo, Italy. A collection of 237 fluoroquinolone resistant and ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli isolates, which had been isolated from processed retail chicken meat in the period May 2013-April 2015, was analyzed. Established polymerase chain reaction…

0301 basic medicineFimH30MeatAFLPST131Settore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveAnimal foodExtraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia colichicken030106 microbiologyBiologySettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E ApplicataMicrobiologyH30-RxMicrobiologylaw.invention03 medical and health sciencesColi strainQuinolone resistanceChicken meatlawDrug Resistance BacterialAnimalsEscherichia coli sequence type 131Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism AnalysisSafety Risk Reliability and QualityhumansPolymerase chain reactionPhylogenyExPECExtraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coliPhylogenetic treeGenetic heterogeneityE. coliGeneral Medicineβ-lactamaseItalyESBLFood MicrobiologyAFLP; Chicken meat; E. coli; ESBL; ExPEC; FimH30; H30-R; H30-Rx; ST131; Food Science; Microbiology; Safety Risk Reliability and QualityE.coliAmplified fragment length polymorphismChickensH30-RFluoroquinolonesPlasmidsFood Science
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Identification of plasma biomarkers for discrimination between tuberculosis infection/disease and pulmonary non tuberculosis disease.

2018

We used the Luminex Bead Array Multiplex Immunoassay to measure cytokines, chemokines and growth factors responses to the same antigens used for RD1-based Interferon γ Release Assay (IGRA) test. Seventy-nine individuals, 27 active TB, 32 latent infection subsets, 20 individuals derivative purified protein (PPD) negative (subjects that do not have any indurative cutaneous reaction after 72 hrs of intradermal injection of PPD) and with other pulmonary disease were retrospectively studied. Forty-eight analytes were evaluated by Luminex Assay in plasma obtained from whole blood stimulated cells. The diagnostic accuracies of the markers detected were evaluated by ROC curve analysis and by the co…

0301 basic medicineMaleBacterial DiseasesPhysiologylcsh:MedicineBiochemistry0302 clinical medicineBiochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology (all); Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)Immune PhysiologyBlood plasmaMedicine and Health SciencesMultiplex030212 general & internal medicinelcsh:ScienceWhole bloodInnate Immune SystemMultidisciplinarymedicine.diagnostic_testLatent tuberculosisbiologyChemotaxis3. Good healthBody FluidsActinobacteriaCell MotilityInfectious DiseasesBloodCytokinesTuberculosis Diagnosis and ManagementChemokinesAnatomyResearch ArticleAdultTuberculosisSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveImmunologyBlood PlasmaMycobacterium tuberculosis03 medical and health sciencesAntigenLatent TuberculosisDiagnostic MedicinemedicineSettore MED/05 - Patologia ClinicaHumansTuberculosisTuberculosis PulmonaryAntigens BacterialBiochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)Bacteriabusiness.industrylcsh:ROrganismsBiology and Life SciencesMycobacterium tuberculosisCell BiologyMolecular Developmentmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationTropical Diseases030104 developmental biologyAgricultural and Biological Sciences (all)ImmunoassayImmune SystemImmunologylcsh:QbusinessBiomarkersDevelopmental BiologyPloS one
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Switching to dual/monotherapy determines an increase in CD8+ in HIV-infected individuals: An observational cohort study

2018

Background The CD4/CD8 ratio has been associated with the risk of AIDS and non-AIDS events. We describe trends in immunological parameters in people who underwent a switch to monotherapy or dual therapy, compared to a control group remaining on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We included patients in Icona who started a three-drug combination ART regimen from an ART-naïve status and achieved a viral load ≤ 50 copies/mL; they were subsequently switched to another triple or to a mono or double regimen. Standard linear regression at fixed points in time (12-24 months after the switch) and linear mixed model analysis with random intercepts and slopes were used to compare CD4 and CD8…

0301 basic medicineMaleCD4-CD8 Ratiolcsh:MedicineHIV InfectionsCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCD4/CD8 ratio; CD8; Chronic inflammation; Dual therapy; Monotherapy; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cohort Studies; Emtricitabine; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Tenofovir; Medicine (all)Cohort Studies0302 clinical medicineEmtricitabineHIV Infection030212 general & internal medicineMedicine (all)General MedicineChronic inflammationCD4/CD8 ratio; CD8; Chronic inflammation; Dual therapy; Monotherapy; Medicine (all)Middle AgedSettore MED/07 - Microbiologia e Microbiologia ClinicaReverse Transcriptase InhibitorReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsFemalecd4/cd8 ratio; cd8; chronic inflammation; dual therapy; monotherapy; medicine (all)Research Articlemedicine.drugCohort studyHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyDual therapyCD4/CD8 ratio; CD8; Chronic inflammation; Dual therapy; Monotherapy; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cohort Studies; Emtricitabine; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; TenofovirAnti-HIV Agents030106 microbiologyCD4-CD8 RatioEmtricitabineSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVENO03 medical and health sciencesCD4/CD8 ratioInternal medicineLinear regressionmedicineHumansDual therapyTenofovirbusiness.industrylcsh:RAnti-HIV AgentCD8CD8-Positive T-LymphocyteMonotherapyConfidence intervalRegimenCD4/CD8 ratio; CD8; Chronic inflammation; Dual therapy; MonotherapyCD8; CD4/CD8 ratio; Chronic inflammation; Monotherapy; Dual therapyCohort StudiebusinessCD8
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Efficacy and tolerability of switching to a dual therapy with darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in HIV-infected patients with HIV-1 RNA ≤50 cp/…

2017

Background: Nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) toxicity may represent a threat for long-term success of combined antiretroviral therapy. Some studies have suggested a possible improvement of NRTI-related toxicity after switching to NRTI-sparing regimens. Objectives: We aimed to explore the efficacy and tolerability of switching to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) while having a viral load (VL) ≤50 copies/mL in the clinical setting. Study design: Treatment-experienced HIV 1-infected patients enrolled in the ICONA Foundation Study cohort were included if they switched their current regimen to DRV/r + RAL with a HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL. Different defin…

0301 basic medicineMaleHIV InfectionsAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Darunavir; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; RNA Viral; Raltegravir Potassium; Ritonavir; Viral LoadGastroenterologyCohort StudiesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability0302 clinical medicineMedicineNRTI-sparing regimen030212 general & internal medicineViralDarunavireducation.field_of_studyLamivudineGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedViral LoadTolerabilityAntiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseasesTolerabilityItalyCombinationRNA ViralDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleViral loadmedicine.drugAdultMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyEfficacyAnti-HIV Agents030106 microbiologyPopulationDarunavir/ritonavir; Raltegravir; Efficacy; Tolerability; Antiretroviral therapy; NRTI-sparing regimenSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVELower riskNO03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyInternal medicineRaltegravir PotassiumHumanseducationDarunavirRitonavirbusiness.industryDarunavir/ritonavirRaltegravirRaltegravirHIV-1RNARitonavirbusinessAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability;
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The burden and epidemiology of community-acquired central nervous system infections: a multinational study

2017

Ghaydaa, Shehata/0000-0002-3631-893X; Radic, Ljiljana Betica/0000-0002-8778-106X; Silva-Pinto, Andre/0000-0002-2077-3356; Cascio, Antonio/0000-0002-1992-1796; Bossi, Paolo/0000-0003-0135-0224; Stebel, Roman/0000-0001-6922-4465; Namani, Sadie/0000-0002-2411-8623; Chan, Phillip/0000-0002-4071-4409; Hargreaves, Sally/0000-0003-2974-4348; Artuk, Cumhur/0000-0003-0827-990X; Harxhi, Arjan/0000-0001-8518-7377; Larsen, Lykke/0000-0002-4113-4182; Uysal, Serhat/0000-0002-4294-5999 WOS: 000407582200010 PubMed: 28397100 Risk assessment of central nervous system (CNS) infection patients is of key importance in predicting likely pathogens. However, data are lacking on the epidemiology globally. We perfor…

0301 basic medicineMaleOutcome AssessmentAdverse Clinical Outcomemedicine.disease_causeCentral nervous system infections ; burden ; epidemiologyMedical microbiologyCentral Nervous System InfectionsOutcome Assessment Health CareEpidemiology80 and overAged 80 and overbiologyAge FactorsGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedCommunity-Acquired InfectionsInfectious Diseases[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and ParasitologyPopulation SurveillanceFemaleNeuroborreliosisHuman Immunodeficiency VirusMicrobiology (medical)Adultmedicine.medical_specialtyTuberculosisSettore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive030106 microbiologyBrain AbscessCentral Nervous System InfectionNeurosyphilisMycobacterium tuberculosis03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultInternal medicineStreptococcus pneumoniaeJournal ArticlemedicineHumansAgedRetrospective Studiesbusiness.industryVaricella zoster virusmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationHealth CareCross-Sectional StudiesCentral Nervous System DiseaseBrain AbsceHuman Immunodeficiency ViruImmunologybusiness
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Evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance and viral subtypes circulation in Italy from 2006 to 2016

2018

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance (TDR) prevalence in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients from 2006 to 2016. Methods: HIV-1 sequences were retrieved from the Antiviral Response Cohort Analysis (ARCA) database and TDR was defined as detection of at least one mutation from the World Health Organization (WHO) surveillance list. Results: We included protease/reverse transcriptase sequences from 3573 patients; 455 had also integrase sequences. Overall, 68.1% of the patients were Italian, the median CD4 count was 348 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 169–521 cells/μL], and the median viral load was 4.7 log 10 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (IQR …

0301 basic medicineMaleantiretroviral therapy; HIV; recent HIV infection; resistance epidemiology; transmitted HIV drug resistance; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Viral Proteins; Drug Resistance Viralantiretroviral therapy; HIV; recent HIV infection; resistance epidemiology; transmitted HIV drug resistance; Health Policy; Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology (medical)Drug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistanceGastroenterologyInterquartile rangeOdds RatioPrevalenceHIV InfectionPharmacology (medical)ViralbiologyHealth PolicyMiddle AgedIntegraseInfectious DiseasesItalyFemaleViral loadHumanresistance epidemiologyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtytransmitted HIV drug resistanceAnti-HIV AgentsHIV; antiretroviral therapy; recent HIV infection; resistance epidemiology; transmitted HIV drug resistance030106 microbiologyantiretroviral therapySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEVirus03 medical and health sciencesrecent HIV infectionViral ProteinsInternal medicineDrug Resistance ViralmedicineViral ProteinHumansbusiness.industryAnti-HIV AgentHIVOdds ratioReverse transcriptaseConfidence intervalCD4 Lymphocyte CountMutationbiology.proteinHIV-1business
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MEDical wards Invasive Candidiasis ALgorithms (MEDICAL):Consensus proposal for management

2016

Abstract Introduction A majority of invasive Candida infections occur in medical wards; however, evidence for management in this setting is scarce and based primarily on the intensive care or surgical setting. On behalf of the Italian Society for Anti-Infective Therapy (SITA) and the Italian Federation of Associations of Hospital Doctors on Internal Medicine (FADOI), the MEDICAL group produced practical management algorithms for patients in internal medicine wards. Methods The MEDICAL group panel, composed of 30 members from internal medicine, infectious disease, clinical pharmacology, clinical microbiology and clinical epidemiology, provided expert opinion through the RAND/UCLA method. Res…

0301 basic medicineMedical wardAntifungal AgentsConsensusInvasiveCritical CareDelphi TechniqueClinical severity; Invasive candidiasis; Medical wards; Risk stratification; Algorithms; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis Invasive; Consensus; Critical Care; Delphi Technique; Early Diagnosis; Echinocandins; Humans; Internal Medicine; Italy; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Severity of Illness Index; Internal Medicine030106 microbiologyeducationDelphi methodInvasive candidiasiSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVESeverity of Illness Indexlaw.invention03 medical and health sciencesEchinocandins0302 clinical medicinelawIntensive careSeverity of illnessMedical consensusInternal MedicineMedicineHumansCandidiasis InvasiveClinical severity030212 general & internal medicineRisk stratificationcomputer.programming_languageClinical pharmacologybusiness.industryCandidiasisClinical severity; Invasive candidiasis; Medical wards; Risk stratificationInvasive candidiasismedicine.diseaseMedical wardsInvasive candidiasisEarly DiagnosisItalyInfectious disease (medical specialty)Practice Guidelines as TopicbusinessClinical severity; Invasive candidiasis; Medical wards; Risk stratification; Internal MedicinecomputerAlgorithmDelphiAlgorithms
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(1,3)-β-d-Glucan-based antifungal treatment in critically ill adults at high risk of candidaemia: an observational study.

2016

OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of a strategy that uses serum (1,3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) results for antifungal treatment of ICU patients at high risk of invasive candidiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients admitted to the ICU from January 2012 to June 2014 were included if they exhibited sepsis at the time of BDG testing and they met Candida score components ≥3. A retrospective analysis of collected data was performed. RESULTS In total, 198 patients were studied. Of 63 BDG-positive patients, 47 with candidaemia and 16 with probable Candida infection, all [31.8% (63/198)] received antifungal therapy. Of 135 BDG-negative patients, 110 [55.5% (110/198)] did not receive antifungal therapy…

0301 basic medicineMicrobiology (medical)AntifungalAdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyAntifungal AgentsAntigens Fungalbeta-GlucansLetterAdolescentMedicine (all); Pharmacology; Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology (medical)medicine.drug_classCritical Illness030106 microbiologyAntifungal drugSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVESettore MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICAlaw.inventionSepsis03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultlawInternal medicineSepsismedicineHumansPharmacology (medical)Candidiasis InvasiveMedical prescriptionYoung adultCandidaAgedRetrospective StudiesPharmacologyAged 80 and overbusiness.industryMedicine (all)Retrospective cohort studyMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseIntensive care unitSurgeryInfectious DiseasesObservational studyFemaleProteoglycansbusinessThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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